DOT Physical
A DOT physical (Department of Transportation medical examination) is a mandatory health evaluation required for all commercial motor vehicle drivers. It must be performed by an FMCSA-certified medical examiner and renewed every 24 months (or annually for drivers with certain conditions).
In Depth
The DOT physical evaluates vision, hearing, blood pressure, urinalysis, and overall physical fitness. Common disqualifying conditions include uncontrolled hypertension (above 180/110), insulin-dependent diabetes (requires special exemption), vision worse than 20/40 corrected, and certain heart conditions.
After passing the exam, the driver receives a Medical Examiner's Certificate (MEC) valid for 1–2 years depending on health status. The MEC is registered in the FMCSA National Registry. Drivers must carry their current MEC with them at all times while operating.
DOT physicals typically cost $75–$150 and are available at occupational health clinics, some truck stops (at travel plazas), and many primary care offices whose physicians are FMCSA-certified.
Usage Example
Example: 'My DOT physical showed blood pressure of 148/92 — I got a 1-year card instead of 2-year and need to follow up with my doctor.'
Related Terms
CDL (Commercial Driver's License)
A Commercial Driver's License (CDL) is a specialized license required to operate large commercial vehicles including semi-trucks, buses, and tankers. CDL classes are A, B, and C depending on vehicle type and weight.
FMCSA
The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) is the U.S. government agency that regulates commercial motor vehicles. It oversees driver licensing, vehicle safety standards, Hours of Service rules, and carrier authority.
DOT Number
A USDOT number is a unique identifier issued by the FMCSA to commercial motor vehicles operating in interstate commerce. It is used to track a carrier's safety information, inspections, crashes, and audits.
Frequently Asked Questions
How often do I need a DOT physical?
Every 2 years for healthy drivers. Drivers with hypertension, diabetes, or other conditions may need annual exams.
How much does a DOT physical cost?
Typically $75–$150 at occupational health clinics. Some locations offer same-day appointments.